The Qualities of Leaders Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Qualities of Leaders - Assignment Example There can be a rundown of administration characteristics in the character of Jeff Bozos (Anders, 2012). It is well known that Bezos consistently watches out for framework thinking. He generally includes clients as a significant part in the gatherings. He is continually getting ready for a drawn out methodology. At first his ventures may seem as though wastage however it might procure benefits at long last. Disappointment isn't an issue for him, yet clearly, he likes to be innovative and imaginative. He generally accepts on a participative dynamic and because of this explanation, he generally inclines toward client criticism. He is popular for offering esteems to his workers. Everyone at Amazon is considered as the Amazon Leader. Steve Jobs is an individual who is considered as an exceptionally solid and fruitful pioneer; yet there are some negative attributes related with his initiative style (Sander, 2011). It is celebrated that he was somewhat egotistical towards others. For including all the colleagues, there ought to be an agreeable domain in the association. A decent correspondence is gravely required between the pioneer and the colleagues. In the event of his authority, the correspondence component was absent. There were no preparation programs for the staff individuals. A decent pioneer should keep his colleagues refreshed. Input is additionally another significant piece of business cycle and for his situation there was no reasonable framework to gather criticism. Sander, B. (2011), ‘Unforgiveable Leadership Mistakes That Steve Jobs Made’, Sanders Consulting Group, recovered on July 6, 2014 from

Argument on violence and american identity Essay

Contention on brutality and american personality - Essay Example The endeavors to comment ladies, locals, rustic ranchers, and slaves partitioned the American culture. She contends that union isn't a festival of equality. Also, she proceeds to express that albeit national personalities, for example, pioneers seem to offer a feeling of shared trait, in genuine sense, it is grounded on a deliberate example of avoidance. The â€Å"others† live in dread while â€Å"us† see them as migrants (Eldredge and Riggenbach 21). In this way, even as they profess to maintain solidarity, in genuine sense they are plotting out of sight on the best way to brutally reject them with the end goal for them to leave the nation and return to their homes. Besides, the need to join individuals who share no culture, accepts, race, and philosophies has even extended the divisions and exacerbated the inclination of savagery, distrustfulness, and prohibition. Unlawful movement and savagery towards â€Å"others† is not, at this point a new theme among most Americans. Unlawful migration has both negative and positive effects of the US economy. The present degree of unlawful movement to America has augmented the conversations about migration prompting an undesired impact. Unlawful settlers are isolated into unique territories and difficult to be recognized. The legislature has attempted different approaches to forestall illicit movement, including strengthening fringes and administrating the current unlawful outsiders (Skerry 1). American government is relied upon to manage the illicit movement in America in parts of monetary, social and policy centered issues. Businesses appreciate higher pay in light of the fact that the expense of work decreases definitely (Haugen and Musser 31). A developing number of Americans feel that national riches is going into wrong hands. There is a need to guarantee that open merchandise are utilized by t he individuals who pay for them (Shipler 41). This requires a movement arrangement that prompts financial manageability and monetary advancement. Unlawful movement is probably going to wind up

Im In College I Still Read for Fun

I’m In College I Still Read for Fun I’ve always been a bit of a bookworm, and one of my fears was that college would ruin reading for me. With all of the giant textbooks and stressful coursework  , how was I ever going to pick up a book for fun again? Cue Rory Gilmore: image from tumblr I’ll admit, most of the reading I do outside of the classroom involves reading the news or the instructions on microwavable food, but every once in a while, I pick up a book about something that interests me and isn’t required reading. I recently found out about the I-Share program; a University of Illinois library account that allows students to request items from other participating locations. The particular book I was interested in wasn’t available anywhere on campus, so I requested it through I-Share, and it’s now being shipped from Kankakee Community College to my residence hall’s library, free of chargeâ€"how convenient is that? Thanks to the helpful library staff working at Illinois, along with the participating libraries that make up the I-Share program, I can request all the books I’ve ever wanted to read. I think its safe to say that college hasnt  ruined reading for me yetâ€"I think my bigger problem is going to be making sure that I dont go overboard with all the library requests. Ria Class of 2018 I'm studying both Finance and Information Systems and Information Technology in the Gies College of Business. I’m from Los Altos, California.

The Effects of Interest Groups on Politics Essay - 1407 Words

Influence of interest groups on the American legislature nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;We elect politicians on the basis on the issues by which they stand, and these issues are either held up or weakened by the numerous interest groups that exist today. Interest groups target both major and minor issues, using all of their resources to sponsor or overpower the groups’ concern. Interest groups are composed of a limited range of the body of voters who have a great stake in the issues their group support. They make evident the issues their group supports. Their resources are used in an attempt to make their issue public policy. Interest groups are persistent; they do not give up until they succeed. They lobby congress, take legal action,†¦show more content†¦They, along with other old-age interests, however, have had to shift their role to a defensive one.11 The defeat of President Clinton’s health care reform package, which the AARP supported, dealt them a measurable political blow.12 The republican congressional take over of 1994 led to a scaling back of the federal government’s role, including programs designed to benefit seniors. The AARP believes big government to be essential to the welfare of seniors. This view comes in direct conflict with the Republican view stated in the â€Å"Contract With America†, that individuals and businesses can make more effective use of funds than the governmental bureaucracy.13 An understanding of this fundamental philosophical distinction provides one with the perspective to understand the AARP’s opposition to the privatization of programs important to seniors. These programs include social security, which the AARP describes as its â€Å"number one issue†, and Medicare.14 It also explains their fervent opposition to reductions in the rate of growth of the aforementionedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Interest Groups on Politics1436 Words   |  6 PagesInfluence of interest groups on the American legislature We elect politicians on the basis on the issues by which they stand, and these issues are either held up or weakened by the numerous interest groups that exist today. Interest groups target both major and minor issues, using all of their resources to sponsor or overpower the groups concern. Interest groups are composed of a limited range of the body of voters who have a great stake in the issues their group support. They make evidentRead MoreCalifornia Politics And Government : A Practical Approach1444 Words   |  6 PagesThe book, California Politics and Government: A practical Approach, helps students understand the government and politics. It describes the principles used in the state government and the relevance of these to the nowadays students and the future ones. The book has clear examples and explanations that help the students understand the California politics. It includes budgetary politics and policies, California law and court cases, government regulations, po licymaking and elections in terms of politicalRead MoreThe Policy Process1582 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolved in the process of policy making; including three stages such as foundation stage, legislative stage, and implementation stage. When a health care topic is in process of becoming a policy it hopes to reach a desired outcome to have a positive effect on people. In the policy making model it has its strengths and limitations. Its strength is the reduction of complexity of policy making to manageable. The limitations of the policy making model is the linearly of the model. It is viewed as the lastRead MoreComparing Pluralist and Ruling Elite Accounts of Political Power in the U.K. and U.S.1336 Words   |  6 Pagespower and political system, there are different controversial theories about those, among which, pluralist and ruling elite are the two fundamentally outstanding theories that both have echoing practical influences in the modern world of politics nowadays. In this essay, I shall try to attempt to briefly explain the two theories, going further on from this, to mainly compare and contrast these theories, especially taking into account the political power in the UK and US whereRead MoreJapanese Politics : Japan s Political System954 Words   |  4 PagesJapanese Politics in the Shadows Japan’s political system remarkably mirrors that of the west, especially that of the United States. However, the method of how Japan’s politicians carry out their agendas and gather voter support takes place in backstage politics which has now prompted people to demand for a more transparent government that work for them and not for the game of politics. This backstage politics has caused a disconnection between the national leaders and the people that they representRead MoreThe Role of Special Interest Groups in American Politics Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesTHE ROLE OF SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS IN AMERICAN POLITICS Like political parties, pressure groups can be considered another system that connects the citizen more directly to government. However, at the same instant there are marked differences in both composition and function that define interest groups as different entities from larger political parties. According to V.O. Key Jr. in a composition appropriately entitled Pressure Groups; pressure groups OrdinarilyÂ… concern themselves with onlyRead MoreKarl Mannheim : An American Sociologist Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Mannheim was a German sociologist, who worked as a professor at Frankfurt University and C. Wright Mills was an American sociologist, originating from Texas. Both sociologists believed that power being held by a small group of elites was dangerous. Their views on what could happen differed, Mannheim feared a dictatorship and Mills a garrison state. Thus, they critiqued modern society and the power that could be held within the government, military, and big busin esses. Rationality and democracyRead MoreThe Factors Of Political Socialization1448 Words   |  6 Pagesspecific source. Our thoughts on politics is constantly evolving and maturing as we encounter different agents throughout our lives. These agents of political socialization include our family, our education, the media, and many more. They shape our values and beliefs from the moment we are born to the moment we die. Our family environment contributes to our interest in politics in the future, our education teaches us the fundamentals of American government and politics, and lastly the media continuouslyRead MoreEssay on The Role of Special Interest Groups in American Politics1371 Words   |  6 PagesROLE OF SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS IN AMERICAN POLITICS nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Like political parties, pressure groups can be considered another system that connects the citizen more directly to government. However, at the same instant there are marked differences in both composition and function that define interest groups as different entities from larger political parties. According to V.O. Key Jr. in a composition appropriately entitled Pressure Groups; pressure groups â€Å"Ordinarily†¦ concernRead MoreCity Politics, Edward Banfield And James Wilson1221 Words   |  5 PagesIn their landmark 1963 book, City Politics, Edward Banfield and James Wilson seek to catalogue the characteristics that make American civic life unique. To them, American government is permeated with politics, lacking a purely administrative sphere. Accordingly, individuals can become involved in nearly any public decision: â€Å"It is characteristic of the American political system,† they write, that everyone has a right and even a positive obliga tion to ‘get in on the act’ of running the government

The War of 1812 - 1132 Words

War of 1812 The War of 1812 was started by America due to British encroachment on three fronts, trade restrictions imposed by the British, the increasing alliances of the British with Indian tribes blocking American expansion West, and due to British interference with merchant class ships in the Atlantic. The war was fought in the Great Lakes region between America and Canada, near New Orleans in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Atlantic trade routes, and around Washington DC. The British had always considered the American insurrection in the 1770s to be a temporary event, their continued battles within the European continent as well as the rest of the British empire had proven to be too distracting to keep a solid check on North America. The British also had not anticipated a war in North America in the lead up to the war of 1812 due to the fragility of the American states, leading to the hubris Britain retained in its relations with the young United States of America. The United States of America was undertaking a major task in setting out to conduct its first war after the drafting of the Constitution. The British Empire had encroached just too far for President Madison, and the waterways in which the United States depended were threatened by British naval vessels repeatedly. There were three stated causes to the beginning of the War of 1812, and each of them has to do with specific problems that the British had put into place before the Americans. The first stated causeShow MoreRelatedThe War of 1812672 Words   |  3 PagesThe War of 1812 was caused by the many conflicts with Great Britain and France. Even though the United States had made many efforts to stay out of the Napoleonic Wars, the conflict was not avoided. The United States had three primary reasons for declaring war: impressments and violations of trading rights, Indian conflicts, and a desire for western territory. For many years Great Britain and France violated the United States’ neutral shipping rights by confiscating American ships and impressingRead MoreWar of 18121643 Words   |  7 PagesThe War of 1812 was a war between Britain and the United States fought primarily in Upper Canada. It had many causes, few which involved British North America. The results of the war include the fact that there was no clear winner or loser among them. The only real losers in the situation were the Natives in the region. They were driven out of their lands and customs. None of the borders was changed by the war, though many attempts were made. The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war, did nothingRead MoreWar Of 1812 : War1197 Words   |  5 PagesWar of 1812 Essay The War of 1812 was battled between the Assembled States and Britain. Finishing in 1815 with the Settlement of Ghent, the war did not achieve any of the issues it was being battled about. For the US, the War of 1812 appeared to simply be one disappointment after another. Despite the fact that the military endured awesome disappointment amid the war, these were the immediate result of the disappointment of the nationals to join for the reasons for the war. In light of these disappointmentsRead MoreThe War Of 1812867 Words   |  4 PagesThe build up to the War of 1812 began nearly a decade prior to the start of the military action. Jefferson and the Republican vision slashed spending and government all around, leaving the military depleted and operating on Jefferson s â€Å"Gun Boat Diplomacy,† which meant America had just enough boats to protect American coasts but not enough to partake in any offshore activities. This left America vulnerable to the tactics employed by the Br itish when combat resumed between England and France, andRead MoreThe War Of 1812 Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe adjournment of the war of 1812 led to three political process which changed the face of America forever. The market revolution, the westward expansion, and the rise of a vigorous political democracy established American policies which are still upheld today. These policies include reformed freedom, improved economic procedures and established a political democracy. Many changes evolved after the war of 1812, the first being the eradication of a one-party government. The election of 1816 is significantRead MoreThe War Of 18123664 Words   |  15 Pagestheir grievances from the War of 1812. They were concerned by growing power of federal government, even though they wanted to start new from England, the majority wanted a moderate compromise. Discussed 3/5 compromise, Louisiana Purchase, Embargo of 1807. 2.Impressment Main cause of the war of 1812, where British ships took over american merchant ships and kidnapped merchants to join the British navy. America used this as the main reason to declare war for the War of 1812 because of nationalism andRead MoreWar : The War Of 18121543 Words   |  7 PagesIntro From being a well-known war hero in the War of 1812 to becoming the 7th president of the United States, Andrew Jackson lived a marvelous life. His past life may have affected him greatly, but it never stopped him from moving to one role to another. Furthermore, not only was he president, but he was also a major general in the army and has been very victorious and successful in leading his troops. Jackson had gone through great lengths to obtain his position and popularity as president. He wasRead More War of 1812 Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The War of 1812 was a war between Britain and the United States fought primarily in Upper Canada. It had many causes, few whic h involved British North America. The results of the war include the fact that there was no clear winner or loser among them. The only real losers in the situation were the Natives in the region. They were driven out of their lands and customs. None of the borders was changed by the war, though many attempts were made. The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war, did nothingRead More The War of 1812 Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pages The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and England. Ending in 1815 with the Treaty of Ghent, the war did not accomplish any of the issues it was being fought over. For the US, the War of 1812 seemed to just be one failure after another. Although the military suffered great failure during the war, these were the direct consequence of the failure of the citizens to unite for the causes of the war. Because of these failures, it is quite valid to call the War of 1812 quot;Americas worst-foughtRead More The War of 1812 Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pag esThe War Of 1812 The War of 1812 took place while president James Madison was in office. Madison was born in Orange County, Virginia in 1751. He attended the College of New Jersey, which is now well known as Princeton. Madison did many significant things both before and after he was in office. He participated in the framing of the Virginia Constitution, served in the Continental Congress and he was also a leader in the Virginia Assembly. One of his major contributions was a ratification to the Constitution

Impact of Parenting Style on Adolescent Development Free Essays

In today’s society, the development of adolescence is a significant matter. In previous generations, self-discipline and strict obedience was critical; â€Å"The style of parenting practiced in the past was seen as critical to provide children with the self-discipline required by societies in which strict obedience to authority was expected from citizens,† (Holloway, 2003, p. 314). We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Parenting Style on Adolescent Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Authoritarian parenting style was the most common. According to Holloway, 2003, the parenting style is highly influential to an adolescent’s behaviour, in the new generation.There are three basic styles of parenting; authoritative, authoritarian and permissive style. These styles have positive and negative aspects. Authoritative parenting is viewed to be a well-balanced style, â€Å"characterized by warmth, support, acceptance, and indirect positive control of the children,† (Holloway, 2003, p. 321). However, authoritarian style is more parental control and uses punishments. It is still a common form of parenting used in today’s generation. It is distinguished by harsh discipline, rigidity, and perfectionism, which rather continues to affect the children adversely.In contrast, permissive parenting is a very negligent style. The parents do not take a big role in the child’s life. Children raised by permissive parents tend to be more irresponsible, impulsive, and immature. All of these three parenting styles may have negative impacts on adolescence, and â€Å"they can all cause problematic behaviours,† (Ambert, 2007). Of the three styles, authoritarian parenting is the most ineffective method of child rearing because it creates problematic behaviours such as rebellion, aggression, and low self-esteem in adolescents. Dr.Anne-Marie Ambert, 2007, carefully analyzed different problematic behaviours during certain periods of a lifetime. She remarked that there’s been a gradual increase in the number of adolescents exhibiting problematic behaviours. Such behaviours leave a big impact on the families and the society, but ironically, it is also the reverse. The causes of problematic behaviours, such as rebellion, are the parental controls of these adolescents. Rebellion goes under the category of negative and disruptive acts and traits. Low impulse control, lying, temper tantrums, talking back, poor academic performances, are examples of rebellion. Adolescence is a stage of child development growing into adulthood. In this stage, the child experiences biological, cognitive, and emotional changes. Their development of identity is governed by the question of â€Å"who am I? † In the minds of these adolescents, the respect and discipline is not encouraged, and rather they want to be independent and separated from any authority figures. It is the parents’ role to guide and support the child’s development effectively. However, excessive parental control may misguide the child’s development and the child may create negative feelings against the parent or any authority figures.These negative feelings gradually build up, and as more pressure is applied, it leads to rebellion. The adolescents desire independence, self-control and individuation. Parental control ranges from excessive to insufficient control, and researches have been made throughout the past to distinguish the different forms. Steinberg, 1990, stated that the primary distinctions are between psychological control and behavioral control. Psychological control negatively affects children’s psychological world through the parents’ attempts to control the children. The psychological control undermines psychosocial development by interfering with children’s ability to become independent and develop a healthy sense of self and personal identity,† (Steinberg, 1990). In contrast, behavioral control refers to the rules, regulations, and restrictions that parents have for their children. Diana Baumrid described the different parenting styles and state that authoritative parents, who have firm rules for their children’s behavior, use a great deal of behavioral control but little psychological control.In contrast, authoritarian parents use both. This proves that authoritarian parenting use excessive control which could lead to excessive rebellion of the child. Severe rebellion would lead to the next following category of problematic behaviours, aggression. Aggression is the second level of problematic behaviours. Ambert, 2007, observed the aggressive acts, such as fighting, which leads to intimidation, harassment and delinquency, such as sexual assaults, murder, drugs, shoplifting, use of alcohol, etc. These problematic behaviours also negatively affect the society.Its impact would be much more extreme than those of rebellion. Adolescents may tend to express their anger through aggression, resulting from the stress they receive from their parents. This is a form of displacement and/or projection, as described in Sigmund Freud’s theory of defense mechanism. ‘Overly harsh parenting, often leads to aggressive behavior in children, leading children to join antisocial peer groups, further heightening their aggressiveness. This, in turn, may provoke harsher parenting, leading to further aggressiveness in the child, and so on,† (Steinberg, 1990).As the adolescents portray these certain behaviours, the authoritarian parents would force physical punishments, which may also be a form of aggression. Such punishments would strongly influence adolescents to be aggressive as well. â€Å"In a study, Duman Margolin (2007) analyze children’s interpretation of their parents’ interpersonal perspective, principally their parents’ aggression. Historically, there is the suggestion that parent’s aggression can affect the children’s own social problem-solving proficiency,† (Lamprecht, 200 7). This is a partial reason to why physical punishment is not recommended in today’s North American society.Aggression should not be used as the form of a conflict resolution. Adolescents do not exhibit aggressive problematic behaviours because they’re not aware of the disciplines; they do so because they use it as a form of rebellion towards their parents, and a displacement of their stress and anger from their parents. â€Å"Research has shown that aspects of children’s behavior and psychological development are linked to the style of parenting with which they have been raised,† (Steinberg, 1990). Low self-esteem is another impact of authoritarian parenting. Children who experience this type of parenting feel rejected by their parents. Children raised by authoritarian parents tend to have more problems with psychological adjustment,† (Holloway, 2003). In other words, adolescents feel neglected by their parents. â€Å"Most definitions of self-esteem share a common theme of self-evaluation, and indeed many researchers define self-esteem as evaluative beliefs about one’s self,† (Gecas, 1971; 1972; Kawash, Kerr, Clewes, 1985; Openshaw, Thomas, Rollins, 1981). Adolescence is a critical stage in which a child develops their identity.They need the well-balanced support and the ability to be independent. Authoritarian parents rather forces punishment on their child, leaving the child to feel insecure and self-critical, and weaken their self-confidence. This would result in difficult adaptation to the society. Parents and family is one of the agents of socialization, and it is the important factor in the stage of adolescence. Moderate discipline promotes self-esteem, whereas â€Å"many argue that excessive parental control (discipline) is linked to low self-esteem,† (Litovsky Dusek, 1986; Openshaw et al. 1984). In conclusion, adolescence is the most important and difficult stage of parenting, and their roles are significant in the child’s development. It is the stage on child development, marking the turning point in the parent-child relationship. Also, it is the most important stage to develop one’s identity. â€Å"Of the many different relationships we form over the course of the life span, the relationship between parent and child is among the most important,† (Steinberg, 1990). How does the parent-child relationship change during adolescence?Which types of discipline are most effective? These are some of the questions that theorists and researchers examine in child development. As mentioned before, of the three types of parenting styles, authoritarian is the most ineffective. â€Å"Research shows that over time, adolescents who have been reared authoritatively continue to show more success in school, better psychological development, and fewer behavior problems than their counterparts from other types of homes,† (Steinberg, 1990).It is very important that parents meet the child’s desires under certain limits in order to maintain a good parent-child relationship. Parents must understand that their child is going through the phase of identifying themselves and gradually go through adolescence into the adulthood. Parents should assist their children in their development, with the awareness of their children’s cognitive and emotional changes, rather than forcing and demanding them to meet the parents’ expectations. How to cite Impact of Parenting Style on Adolescent Development, Papers

The Catholic Church Essay Example Essay Example

The Catholic Church Essay Example Paper The Catholic Church Essay Introduction The Catholic Church was the single most powerful and influential force throughout virtually all of European history. It was the unifying factor of Europe following the collapse of the Roman Empire. Modern civilization exists, in large part, due to the efforts of the Church to civilize Europe after the settling of Europe by barbarian tribes. However significant the efforts of the Church to civilize, the Church eventually lost its purpose, and degenerated into the basest organization within Europe. The goal of the Catholic Church within Europe was to bring about a society that adhered to Christian values and morality. The Church’s initial success in bringing about a more moral society was, however; almost completely negated by its later decline into the very immorality that it had combated earlier.†From the fifth to the eleventh century in western Europe lords and churchmen recognized two main goals: the conversion of pagans to Christianity and the establishment of proper order within the Christian community.† (Peters, 213) The specific morals that the Church hoped to propagate throughout Europe are the basic tenants of every major faith; loyalty, truth, faith, mercy, compassion, the sanctity of life, the sanctity of property and basically being a civilized person. The missionaries roamed the wilds of Europe converting the barbarians wherever they found them teaching morality, and trying to restore the civilization that had existed under the Romans.†The Duty of the rulers of any earthly society, especially Christian rulers, is to curb the baser instincts of fallen human nature and preserve that earthly peace that is necessary for the conduct of the Christian life.† (Peters, 50) The teachers of the Church attempted to reform society by influencing the rulers. By educating the rulers of Europe the Church hoped to bring civilization to a barbarous Europe. In addition many of the lands of Europe came under the direct rule of religious o fficials. â€Å"During the sixth and seventh centuries the clergy assumed more and more of the responsibilities for the civil administration of the cities.† (Peters, 106) By educating rulers and installing Church officials as civil rulers the Church sought to curb the baser instincts of barbarous Europe.Following the collapse of the Roman Empire in the 6th Century Europe was left in shambles. Barbarians roamed the countryside murdering and pillaging. During the 6th and 7th Centuries many of these barbarian tribes began to settle down and adopt some of the methods of the Romans. Christian missionaries saw the opportunity to unite all of Europe under Christianity, and to spread the faith. Missionaries went throughout Europe teaching the Word of God. Often times these missionaries would modify Christianity to make it more compatible with the existing faiths of the barbarian tribes. The dates of many Christian holidays, such as Christmas, stem from the pagan holidays of the day.I n later centuries, while many of the peoples of Europe had officially converted, much of the barbarism of the tribes still remained within the culture. Gregory, the Bishop of Tours, gives an excellent description of the type of sins committed by many of the supposedly Christian peoples of Gaul. â€Å"Lothar seized him, thrust his dagger in his ribs and murdered him just as he had murdered his brother. Then they killed all the attendants and the tutors. When all lay dead Lothar climbed on his horse and rode away, showing no remorse for the slaughter of his two nephews.† (Gregory, 11) The war like and murdering natures of many of these Frankish kings were hard to curb after years of such actions. The Church tried to combat the sinfulness of its converts and gradually progress was made, but it took many centuries.†By the end of the eleventh century, most western European pagans had become converted to Christianity and one of the religious aims of the early Middle Ages had been accomplished.† (Peters, 213) At the same time that conversion was virtually complete, much of the warlike nature of the warrior people were channeled through a unique outlet. The Crusades were used at during the 12th Century to remove the constant fighting within Europe, and instead use it to combat the heathen, and reconquer the Holy Land. Pope Urban II came up with the plan of sending the knights to the Holy Land in an attempt to bring peace to Europe.†Indeed, the first Crusade, which Urban’s plea created, was first and foremost a vehicle for lay warriors to participate in a renewed Christian society in the one capacity for which they were ideally suited, controlled violence in God’s service against non-Christians.† (Peters, 225) Urban realized that war was necessary for these knights, as it was there sole occupation, and they would not be happy without the ability to kill someone, so Urban sent them to kill someone else rather than each other. â€Å"He appealed to a large assembly of laity and clergy to impose peace everywhere in Christian Europe and to turn Christian weapons only against infidels.† (Peters, 225) And so the Crusades were born, and initially they were very successful, both in their stated goals and their underlying purpose of bringing peace to Europe.Even within the Church positive reform was taking place around the time of the Crusades. The Cistercian monks were advocating a new spiritualism that brought the Church back to its roots. â€Å"The care of souls is the art of all arts.† (Peters, 108) The Cistercian’s saw God as being good and gentle, rather than an angry punishing deity. â€Å"This new sense of God’s affection for humanity and the obligation of interior spiritual development was largely an invention of twelfth century Cistercian writers.† (Peters. 223)The Great Schism that occurred in the Church during the papacy at Avignon caused many to question the Papacy for the first time. Christians throughout Europe found themselves divided in what they believed. Many began to question what it was that made the Pope the leader of God, and also what impact the Pope had on their own souls. â€Å"Individual Christians wondered if their immortal souls were in danger should the sacraments be performed by a false priest ordained by a false bishop loyal to a false pope.† (Zophy, 36) These questions were eventually resolved once the Church was reunited, but the simple act of questioning led down the path of Reformation. Once people begin to question the process can never be reversed, and instead of dealing with the issue the Church simply continued to stagnate.During the Renaissance the Church was in the best shape of its existence politically. All of Europe was united under Christianity, warfare had decreased significantly from previous centuries, and the Church was the looking like it was heading to reform. People were beginning to question doc trine, but it seemed aimed towards reform, such as had taken place in the 11th Century. However, instead of embracing the chance to become a truly Christian religious institution, the Church instead chose to lean on tradition, doctrine and its political might. This is the turning point at which all the early success of the Church becomes negated by its refusal to reform. The issue of conflict between science and religion began to become a major controversy, and the question of the cause of the Black Death still lingered. The Church’s explanation for the cause of the Black Death was unacceptable to many. How could God kill half the population simply to punish humanity? People wanted real answers, and the Church came up lacking.Many of the scientific thinkers of the Renaissance such as Galileo and Copernicus were denounced by the Church. Even though their ideas appealed to reason, and rational thought, the church felt that these new ideas could bring into question the authority of the Church, since the Church has always taught an earth-centered view that was different than these new views of Galileo and Copernicus. Both Copernicus and Galileo were denounced as heretics. â€Å"Denounced by the Roman Inquisition in 1616, Galileo was told to abandon and cease to defend and teach as fact the Copernican notion that the sun is the center of the universe and that the earth moves around it.† (Zophy, 313) The fact that the Church refused to accept the possibility that it might have been wrong shows the stagnation and implacability that leads to its failure to maintain its place as the head of Europe.During the Renaissance many new ideas about faith appeared that conflicted with traditional Catholicism. Many more people were educated, and they questioned the lack of knowledge of many of the priests who were supposed to be their teachers. Printing of the Bible in the vernacular spread knowledge of scripture, that often time conflicted with the teachings of th e Church.A heightened sense of pastoral obligation, a broad awareness of the need for reform, the insistence on self-awareness through confession, the spread of religious fraternities and devotional movements, the growing self-consciousness of the laity, and the rise of vernacular religious literature – all are eloquent testimony to the spiritual condition of Europe on the eve of Reformation. (Peters, 357)The Catholic Church had failed to maintain control over the flow of information, and had refused to address the concerns of its faithful, and had instead simply stated that is was right and always would be no matter what.Indulgences were the straw that broke the camel’s back. Theologians such as Martin Luther refused to accept that simply paying money could forgive one’s sins. People found the tactics of men such as Johann Tetzel to be morally reprehensible. Tetzel used this phrase as his sales slogan: â€Å"As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, another soul from purgatory springs!† (Zophy, 173) The blatant sale of forgiveness was clearly not a step towards a Christian ideal.The Catholic Church had been entrusted with the civilizing and Christianizing of Europe following the collapse of the Roman Empire. From the 6th to the 11th Centuries the Church carried out the mission of converting and civilizing the people. Barbarian tribes turned into civilized nations, murders became peaceful citizens. The Church had achieved its mission as well as could be expected. But in the centuries following the Church’s refusal to adapt and change to the changing environment of Renaissance Europe proved to be fatal.Christianity became a divisive instead of unifying force due to the fracture between Protestants and Catholics. If the Catholic Church had been willing to reform, it may have been able to keep Europe unified, and prevent years of religious wars that claimed thousands of lives. The Catholic Church ultimately failed to maintain its c ontrol, but its initial contribution is certainly the greatest factor in the civilizing of Europe. The Catholic Church Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!